It has been a while since the initial release (August 2018) of the Get-AzurePasswords module within MicroBurst, so I figured it was time to do an overview post that explains how to use each option within the tool. Since each targeted service in the script has a different way of getting credentials, I want users […]
We test a lot of web applications at NetSPI, and as everyone continues to move their operations into the cloud, we’re running into more instances of applications being run on Azure App Services. Whenever we run into an App Services application with a serious vulnerability, I’ll frequently get a ping asking about next steps to […]
Get-AzPasswords is a function within the MicroBurst toolkit that’s used to get passwords from Azure subscriptions using the Az PowerShell modules. As part of this, the function supports gathering passwords and certificates that are attached to automation accounts. These credentials can be stored in a few different ways: Credentials – Username/Password combinations Connections – Service […]
For many years, pentester-hosted SMB shares have been a common technology to use during internal penetration tests for getting tools over to, and data off of, target systems. The process is simple: share a folder from your testing system, execute a “net use z: \\testingbox\tools” from your target, and run your tools from the share. […]
During a recent Office 365 assessment, we ran into an interesting situation where Exchange was configured to disallow any external domain forwarding rules. This configuration is intended to prevent attackers from compromising an account and setting up forwarding for remote mail access and persistence. Part of this assessment was to validate that these configurations were […]
Azure Container Registries are Microsoft’s solution for managing Docker images in the cloud. The service allows for authentication with AzureAD credentials, or an “Admin user” that shares its name with the registry. For the purposes of this blog, let’s assume that you’ve compromised some Admin user credentials for an Azure Container Registry (ACR). These credentials […]
In the previous Azure Managed Identities blog, we covered some simple proof of concept examples for using Azure Virtual Machine Managed Identities to escalate privileges in an Azure subscription. The example code relied on Azure OAuth bearer tokens that were generated from authenticating to the Azure metadata service. Since posting that blog, we’ve found a […]
Azure Managed Identities are Azure AD objects that allow Azure virtual machines to act as users in an Azure subscription. While this may sound like a bad idea, AWS utilizes IAM instance profiles for EC2 and Lambda execution roles to accomplish very similar results, so it’s not an uncommon practice across cloud providers. In my […]
TLDR; By default, Azure Subscription Contributors have access to all storage accounts in a subscription. These storage accounts can contain Azure Cloud Shell storage files (Linux home directories) that can contain sensitive information. By modifying these Cloud Shell files, an attacker can execute commands in the Cloud Shell sessions of other users. This can lead […]